EuropeExpanded profile
Portugal
Investment residence and targeted tax incentives, assessed separately.
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Fifty destinations. Three perspectives.
Explore the original ten, ten further focus countries and thirty brief overviews. Each profile separates tax, residence and citizenship.
EuropeBrief overview
Spain
Non-working residence for applicants with sufficient means. Investor route closed to new applications from 3 April 2025.
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Greece
Property residence alongside dedicated regimes for investors and pensioners.
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Cyprus
Mediterranean residence with a conditional non-dom framework.
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Malta
European residence and a tax system where remittance and domicile matter.
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Italy
A lifestyle destination with a fixed foreign-income tax option for eligible arrivals.
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France
Long-stay visitor route requires resources, accommodation and medical cover; no professional activity.
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Ireland
British citizens can live and work under the CTA. The Immigrant Investor Programme closed in February 2023.
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Netherlands
Active self-employment route. Foreign-investor admission abolished on 17 April 2024.
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Germany
Self-employment requires economic interest or demand, financing and a credible economic contribution.
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Austria
Quota-based settlement without gainful employment; general and higher route-specific financial conditions apply.
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Switzerland
Cantonal residence and expenditure-based taxation for eligible households.
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Monaco
A compact European base where genuine residence and nationality matter.
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Andorra
A lower-tax mountain base with substantial passive-residence requirements.
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Luxembourg
Investor routes include EUR 500,000 qualifying business investment; employment and retention conditions apply.
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Hungary
Hungary’s guest-investor permit offers eligible non-EU investors a residence route through an approved fund or qualifying donation. It is useful for residence flexibility and work rights, but does not automatically produce tax residence, a tax exemption or Hungarian citizenship.
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Latvia
Qualifying small-company equity from EUR 50,000 plus EUR 10,000 state payment; other categories differ.
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Estonia
Actual relocation requires the appropriate visa or permit. E-residency is a digital identity only.
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Montenegro
Ordinary residence requires route-specific review. Government proposed tighter property and company conditions.
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Serbia
Investor route requires evidence of business investment and at least EUR 50,000 in a Serbian bank account; other residence bases also exist.
Explore overviewAmericasBrief overview
United States
EB-5 statutory capital USD 800,000 for qualifying targeted/infrastructure investment or USD 1,050,000 otherwise; job-creation rules apply.
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Canada
Federal Start-up Visa is paused and closed to new applications. Other immigration routes were not evaluated.
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Mexico
Economic-solvency residence through consular application; obtain current London consular figures.
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Costa Rica
Investor temporary residence from USD 150,000 under the cited regulation, renewable subject to maintaining investment.
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Panama
Panama merits close attention for its territorial income-tax framework and investment residence options. The September 2026 rules distinguish new property from resale property and introduce a state-bank deposit alternative. Source-of-income analysis remains essential, particularly for people continuing to work or manage a business locally.
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Belize
QRP: age 40+, qualifying foreign retirement income of USD 2,000 monthly or USD 24,000 annually, and deposit requirements.
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Bahamas
The Bahamas is relevant to high-net-worth households seeking a genuine residence base without domestic personal income tax. Economic permanent residence has a substantial investment requirement and long holding period. Property costs, immigration permissions and continuing UK obligations remain important parts of the overall decision.
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Antigua and Barbuda
Citizenship: NDF contribution USD 230,000 per application, plus government and due-diligence charges.
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Dominica
Citizenship: EDF contribution from USD 200,000 for one applicant; dependants and fees extra.
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Grenada
Grenada is relevant to families comparing a second nationality through a contribution or approved investment. Its official programme provides a defined application process and mandatory interview. It should be assessed for the rights it adds to an existing passport, alongside a separate review of tax residence and income sources.
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Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Kitts and Nevis combines an established citizenship programme with the absence of individual income tax described by its revenue authority. A citizenship application still requires due diligence, an interview and approval. Holding the passport does not establish tax residence or remove continuing UK tax liabilities.
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Saint Lucia
Citizenship: NEF contribution USD 240,000 for applicant and up to three qualifying dependants, plus fees.
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Uruguay
Uruguay’s 2026 newcomer rules can be attractive to households with substantial foreign capital income. The relief is conditional and has annual evidence requirements. Genuine residence, the precise type of overseas income and the chosen immigration route matter more than a blanket promise of an eleven-year exemption.
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Paraguay
Paraguay offers a territorial personal-tax framework and a dedicated permanent-residence procedure for certified foreign business investors. It may interest people willing to establish genuine local activity. Residence cards, business registration and foreign-income classification require separate analysis; none is a shortcut around continuing UK tax responsibilities.
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United Arab Emirates
A global business base with distinct rules for personal investment and business income.
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Qatar
Property residence above QAR 730,000; enhanced benefits above QAR 3,650,000. New founder/executive route has its own tests.
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Bahrain
Bahrain combines a property-based Golden Residency route with a system that does not generally tax personal income. It may suit a household establishing a genuine Gulf base. The residence permit, tax-residence evidence and the UK departure analysis must still be handled as separate questions.
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Oman
Official Golden Residency programme offers 10-year residence through specified investment or business routes; threshold not verified here.
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Saudi Arabia
Premium residence includes property from SAR 4 million and business-investor category from SAR 7 million, subject to conditions.
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Türkiye
Türkiye combines an exceptional citizenship route with a separate tax incentive for qualifying new residents introduced in 2026. Property investment can support an application, while the tax benefit requires its own eligibility review and exemption certificate. Neither approval should be assumed from the other.
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Singapore
Singapore combines a selective, high-capital investor residence programme with favourable treatment of many categories of foreign personal income. It particularly merits consideration for established entrepreneurs and family-office principals. Local work and business income remain taxable, and investment alone does not guarantee permanent residence or citizenship.
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Malaysia
MM2H Silver: USD 150,000 fixed deposit plus residential purchase from MYR 600,000 and fees; higher tiers differ.
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Thailand
LTR wealthy-global-citizen route: USD 1 million assets plus USD 500,000 qualifying Thai investment and health-cover conditions.
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Indonesia
Five-year investment visa route with USD 350,000 qualifying holdings; Second Home has separate funds/property requirements.
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Mauritius
An Indian Ocean base for business, investment and retirement.
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Seychelles
Investment-linked permanent residence: USD 1 million business investment and at least five years of business association. Ordinary permits differ.
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South Africa
Financially independent, retirement and business categories exist; current financial thresholds not verified here.
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Australia
Business Innovation and Investment Program closed permanently to new applications on 31 July 2024.
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New Zealand
Active Investor Plus: NZD 5 million Growth or NZD 10 million Balanced; investment periods three and five years.
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Vanuatu
Official Citizenship Office continues to list investment citizenship. Current all-in programme price not verified here.
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